Ensuring sexual and reproductive health before marriage has become increasingly important for couples. Pre-marital sexual health check-ups include assessing the functionality of the reproductive system (such as erectile dysfunction, ejaculation problems, vaginal dryness, and more) as well as screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and viruses like genital warts, genital herpes, urinary tract infections, and more. These check-ups have gained attention as sexual activity begins at an earlier age, and some infections can be transmitted through non-sexual routes such as shared facilities in hair removal salons, laser centers, swimming pools, or public toilets.
Moreover, with delayed marriage age, changes in dietary habits, and lifestyle factors, there is a growing prevalence of reproductive issues, including ovarian and testicular cancers and reduced fertility in both men and women. As a result, in many developed societies, individuals undergo regular annual sexual health screenings, and this practice is becoming increasingly popular in Iran.
Understanding Sexual Dysfunction and Reproductive Health Issues
Sexual and reproductive health problems can be divided into three main categories:
1. Sexual Dysfunction
Sexual dysfunction is often caused by physical or physiological factors such as diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, stress, and hormonal imbalances. These can affect sexual performance, pleasure, and satisfaction. Common sexual dysfunctions include:
Erectile dysfunction
Premature or delayed ejaculation
Vaginal dryness
Pain during sexual activity
Reduced sexual desire
2. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Reproductive System Diseases
STIs and reproductive system infections are increasingly common. Contrary to popular belief, these infections are not always transmitted through sexual contact. They can also spread through shared equipment in salons, laser centers, swimming pools, or poor personal hygiene. Common infections affecting men and women include:
In men:
Prostate infection
Testicular infection
Urinary tract infection
HPV and genital warts
Genital herpes
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
HIV
In women:
Vaginal infections or excessive discharge
Genital herpes
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Chancroid
HPV and cervical warts
Urinary tract infection
HIV
3. Fertility Issues
Fertility problems affect many couples after marriage due to delayed childbearing, unhealthy lifestyle, poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity. Some issues remain asymptomatic until it’s too late, making early detection critical. Key fertility-related concerns include:
In women:
Reduced ovarian reserve after age 30
Endometriosis
Other reproductive system disorders affecting conception
In men:
Poor sperm quality
Testicular or prostate issues
Viral or bacterial infections affecting fertility
The Importance of Pre-Marital Sexual Health Check-Ups
Pre-marital sexual health screenings help identify and address sexual dysfunction, infections, and fertility issues before they become serious problems. The check-up typically involves:
Detailed medical history and physical examination
Specialized ultrasound and laboratory tests for reproductive organs
Screening for STIs and other infections
Assessment of fertility potential
After the evaluation, the healthcare provider develops a personalized treatment plan, which may include medications, lifestyle recommendations, or further interventions to address any detected issues.
Why Pre-Marital Screening is Crucial
Early Detection of Hidden Conditions: Many reproductive system cancers and infections show no symptoms in early stages. Early detection can prevent serious complications and improve treatment outcomes.
Preserving Fertility: Both men and women may unknowingly lose the optimal window for conception due to untreated reproductive issues. Screening helps ensure timely intervention.
Reducing Healthcare Costs: Early treatment of sexual and reproductive health issues prevents high-cost treatments like IVF or sperm/egg donation later in life.
Improving Marital Satisfaction: Addressing sexual dysfunction and infections prior to marriage promotes a healthy and fulfilling sexual relationship.
Common Problems Detected in Pre-Marital Check-Ups
Men:
Erectile dysfunction, premature or delayed ejaculation, painful ejaculation, dry ejaculation
Reduced semen volume or blood in semen
Testicular or prostate infections
STI screenings (HPV, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV)
Women:
Vaginal dryness, sexual dissatisfaction, reduced libido
Pain during intercourse, cervical or vaginal warts
Urinary or vaginal infections
STI screenings (HPV, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, HIV)
Conclusion
Pre-marital sexual health check-ups are essential for couples to safeguard reproductive health, prevent infections, and ensure fertility. With early detection and proper treatment, couples can avoid irreversible complications, reduce future medical costs, and build a strong foundation for a healthy marital and sexual life.